針對煤礦千米深井巷道松軟煤體大變形難題，以淮南新集礦區口孜東礦7 m大采高工作面運輸巷為工程背景，分析巷道松軟煤幫變形破壞特征及支護結構破壞、失效形式；采用井下試驗和數值模擬相結合的方法，從錨桿錨索錨固力衰減、風化作用下煤體劣化及強流變性等方面，揭示出千米深井巷道松軟煤幫大變形機理。提出千米深井巷道松軟煤幫高壓錨注-噴漿協同控制理念；采用數值模擬對比研究了單一錨桿錨索支護、錨注、錨注-噴漿3種方案巷道煤幫變形、裂隙及應力演化規律，闡明了巷道煤幫高預應力、高壓錨注-噴漿協同控制原理。研發出高強度、高壓、組合式注漿錨桿與高壓注漿錨索，研究了注漿錨桿、錨索及注漿材料性能與錨注效果，形成了高預應力錨桿、錨索支護-高壓劈裂注漿改性-表面噴漿協同控制技術。將上述研究成果應用于淮南新集礦區口孜東礦，提出試驗巷道錨注-噴漿協同控制方案及參數，并進行了礦壓監測。監測數據表明，采用提出的錨注-噴漿控制方案后，煤幫結構、完整性與強度得到顯著改善，錨桿、錨索錨固力大幅提升，充分發揮了高強度錨桿、錨索主動支護作用。巷道兩幫收縮量降低86%，錨桿、錨索破斷率大幅減少，有效控制了千米深井巷道松軟煤幫大變形，為此類深部巷道大變形控制提供了有效途徑。

Coal mine roadways in more than 1 000 m deep with soft coal suffer severe squeezing and large deformation.Based on the geotechnical and engineering conditions of a maingate of a longwall panel with 7 m high mining height in the Kouzidong coal mine of Huainan Xinji mining area,a case study was performed to investigate the deformation and failure characteristics of the roadway and the failure form of the ground support.Field tests and numerical simulations were carried out to reveal the large deformation mechanism of the maingate in more than 1000 m deep with soft coal,from the aspects of attenuation of anchoring force of bolts and cables,coal deterioration under weathering,strong rheology,etc.The concept of soft coal side control with high pressure grouting bolting and shotcreting in synergy was proposed for the maingate in more than 1 000 m deep.Numerical analysis was conducted to evaluate three types of support patterns including bolts and cables,grouting bolts and cables,and grouting bolting shotcreting on roadway side deformation,and the evolution of fracture and stress fields.The coal side control principle by means of grouting bolting with high pretension and pressure and shotcreting in synergy was expounded.A combined grouting bolt with high strength and pressure,and a grouting cable with high pressure sealer were developed,the mechanical performances and reinforcement effects of grouting bolts,cables and grouting materials were studied,and the soft coal control technology by means of high pretension bolts and cablesmodification with high pressure splitting grouting shotcreting on surface in synergy was formed.The technology mentioned above has been applied in the Kouzidong coal mine of Huainan Xinji mining area,the design pattern and parameters of grouting bolting shotcreting for the experimental maingate were put forward,and underground monitoring was carried out.Field monitoring data showed that this coal control technology significantly improved the structure,integrity and strength of the coal sides.The anchoring force of the rock bolts and cables increased remarkably,giving full play to the active supporting role of the high strength rock bolts and cables.The side to side convergence was reduced by 86% comparing with the initial support pattern.Premature failure of rock bolts and cables was greatly reduced.The proposed soft coal control technology provides an effective alternative for the deep roadways with large deformation.

“深部巖體力學與開采理論”專題（煤炭學報）